Archive for October, 2005

31st Oct 2005

Tutoring vs Training

Your child has difficulty in third grade math. You send him to a tutor. The tutor works diligently for several weeks with him on his grade-level math concepts and assignments. He goes on to pass the third grade with B’s. So far so good. Summer comes and goes. His fourth grade assignments hit, and once again, basic weaknesses prevent him from learning the new concepts. The processing and visualizing skills he needs just aren’t there. You could pay for another round of tutoring to help with these assignments as well, but the underlying reason he failed to understand them in the first place goes untouched. It will reemerge…

How do you “train” someone to learn?
Current learning science makes it necessary to look at learning as two distinct parts: specific academic study and a student’s underlying ability to learn. To create the best opportunity for maximum academic progress, the underlying mental skills that lead to easy learning must be as strong and efficient as possible, and this may require specific training. Why? The brain physically changes in response to appropriate training. Its neural pathway efficiency improves in much the same way that muscle cells respond to progressive resistance training by developing added strength. The “untrained” brain that performs slowly and inefficiently (resulting in persistent sub-par learning) can become a fit brain, quick to respond when facing new learning challenges. You can literally train and strengthen your mental skills and have more brainpower!

What is Brain Training?
Brain training (also known as mental or cognitive skills training) is significantly different than tutoring. Common academic study, and special help such as tutoring, both focus on specific academic tasks, and simply ignore the condition of a student’s underlying mental skills. In fact, success in general academics or special tutoring is completely dependant on the student’s underlying ability to learn. For those who struggle or fail, it is not necessarily his or her study habits or missing academic knowledge that is the problem. Underlying cognitive weakness is often the cause of the difficulty.

Until the underlying skills that provide the basic ability to learn are strengthened, tutoring help can only produce temporary progress at best. Struggles WILL reemerge at the very next new challenge, and the next, and the next, until the challenges grow too difficult even with tutoring help, or the student simply gets frustrated and gives up. If this is your child, he or she is at risk of being identified as a failure by these repeated struggles. You risk paying for tutoring each and every year with absolutely no guarantee of future success.

The appropriate mental skills training is different. It provides you and your student the chance to get to the root of the problem and literally rebuild his or her basic ability to read and learn. A struggling student, or one seeking to optimize academic performance, must consider training the mental skills that are the foundation to learning.

Two Different Needs, Two Solutions
As mentioned above, learning can be divided into two elements: the specific academic challenge (such as reading) and the underlying skills needed to perform it well (for example, auditory processing and word attack). A tutor can enhance academic success in a given task if the student has sufficient underlying skills to meet the challenge. If that student struggles due to skill weaknesses, a trainer, not a tutor, is needed. Once you learn to read, you should be able to do it with little thought. But if one of the basic and necessary reading skills (such as sound blending and auditory processing skill) were missing, you’d have difficulty reading well no matter how much tutoring you got. Further assignments in reading theory or even practice reading wouldn’t overcome the underlying problem.

Look for Better Testing and Training Options
Intense training exercises focused on specific areas of weakness can quickly strengthen key mental skills, and literally change the way a student learns. But how do you know if training is what your child needs? When looking for effective help, the right testing is also critical. Far too often a student’s individual underlying skills are either not identified or are averaged and reported as an IQ score.

Even when classified in terms such as “an auditory learner” or “a visual learner” this imprecise identification limits the help a student can receive. On the other hand, testing prior to skills training is designed to single out key skills that impact the learning or reading struggle. It is then possible for a qualified mental skills trainer to enhance cognitive skills such as auditory and visual processing, logic and reasoning, and working memory through direct training. The results are better academic performance almost immediately, and an enhanced ability to learn into the future.

Tutoring can benefit students in certain situations, but for those with underlying cognitive skill weaknesses, cognitive skills training is the answer. So, when you’re looking to help your child eliminate persistent struggles in school…think brain training first.

If you believe there is unrealized learning potential in yourself or someone you love, a simple cognitive test could be the key to unlock that potential. At LearningRx, we offer such testing as a wise and affordable first step. Please give us a call today. We can answer your questions, and help test and strengthen skills that can lead to that brighter future.

Dr. Ken Gibson, Founder and President of LearningRx, Inc.
learningrx.com LearningRx Learning Center
719-955-6703

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31st Oct 2005

What is a DNA Paternity Test?

DNA testing in its widest context can represent a number of different techniques and protocols, all aimed at providing information about the genetic make-up of an individual. For example, some of the most common applications of DNA testing include:

• Paternity Testing – DNA testing can be used to virtually prove if an alleged male is the biological father of a child where the mother is known.

• Forensic Testing – DNA testing is widely used in the forensic community to place criminals at scenes of crime, or to demonstrate contact between two individuals, where DNA containing material such as blood, semen or saliva has been transferred.

• Genealogical Testing – DNA testing is used to trace or to confirm relationships with ancestors that may or may not be alive today. Furthermore genetic lineage can be followed through generations, by looking at the degree of commonality or variation between the DNA of one individual and a biological relative.

• Species Identification – DNA testing is now routinely being used to help identify the source of material confiscated by the authorities. The usual request is confined to species identification.

Of all the various uses, of which there are many more, the most commonly used and often misunderstood application is that to Paternity testing. DNA Paternity testing is only about 15 years old, and makes use of the fact that an individuals DNA is derived from each of the parents, fifty percent coming from each parent. Therefore if the DNA of the child is analysed alongside the mothers, it follows through that any DNA present within the child that does not come from the mother must come from the Father. This inheritance pattern allows us to compare the unaccounted for DNA in the child against putative Fathers.

If a suggested males DNA profile does not match the additional bands present within the child, there can be no doubt, given the test has been carried out under strict laboratory processes, that the male can not be the biological father of the child. However if there is a match between the DNA from the male and the DNA from the child, the degree of match needs to be evaluated, before any conclusions can be drawn. This degree of match of the outcome (inclusion) is measured in a figure known as the paternity index (PI), and is often expressed as a percentage certainty.

Irrespective of the type of DNA testing you would like, done, there are some fundamental standards that your testing company should adhere to. These include a strong quality ethos, supported by an externally accredited scientific process. Duplication of any reported results is a must, and if the results are to be used in a court of law, there are additional safeguards that are required. Make sure all of this is clarified before you commission any DNA testing work.

Peter Vine is a successful online publisher of home-dna-test-expert.com Home-DNA-Test-Expert.com
He provides practical advice and the latest information on all aspects of a home-dna-test-expert.com DNA Paternity Test, which you can readily research on his website. Don’t forget to pick up your Free DNA testing kit while your at the site.

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